University of Al-Qarawiyyin

The University of Al-Qarawiyyin, located in the ancient city of Fes, Morocco, holds the distinction of being the oldest continually operating university in the world. Founded in 859 AD, this prestigious institution has been a center of knowledge and scholarship for more than a millennium, earning recognition from UNESCO and the Guinness World Records. Al-Qarawiyyin is not only an educational institution but also a symbol of the profound contributions of the Arab world to global intellectual and cultural development. For tourists visiting Fes, the university is a must-see destination that showcases Morocco’s historical dedication to learning, culture, and architecture.

Historical Background

Al-Qarawiyyin was established by Fatima al-Fihri, a visionary woman of Tunisian origin who invested her family’s wealth into creating a space for learning and worship. Initially founded as a mosque, the institution quickly evolved into a center for higher learning, attracting scholars from across the Islamic world and beyond. During the Middle Ages, it played a crucial role in the transmission of knowledge, fostering the study of diverse subjects including theology, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and philosophy. Notable scholars, such as the philosopher Averroes and the famous historian Ibn Khaldun, are associated with the university.

The influence of Al-Qarawiyyin extended beyond the Muslim world, contributing to the intellectual currents that shaped medieval Europe. Its extensive libraries, vast archives, and scholarly teachings were vital in the dissemination of classical knowledge, making it a significant hub of learning during the Islamic Golden Age.

Geography and Landscape

The University of Al-Qarawiyyin is situated in the heart of Fes el-Bali, the oldest walled part of the city and a UNESCO World Heritage site. This location within the medina gives the university a unique and lively atmosphere, surrounded by narrow alleys, bustling souks, and historic architecture. The building’s exterior seamlessly blends into the fabric of the medina, with ornate gates and intricate zellige (mosaic tilework) that showcase the mastery of Moroccan craftsmanship.

Inside, the university-mosque complex is a stunning example of traditional Islamic architecture, featuring whitewashed walls, cedar wood carvings, and geometrically patterned tiles. The tranquil courtyards and prayer halls create an ambiance conducive to study and contemplation, echoing the institution’s storied past as a sanctuary of knowledge.

Practical Information

• Access for Tourists: While the university itself remains an active religious and educational institution, non-Muslim tourists are generally not allowed to enter the mosque or inner halls. However, visitors can admire the structure from the outside and gain insights into its history through guided walking tours of Fes el-Bali. Some local guides may provide detailed information about its significance and architectural features.
• Location: The university is located in the medina of Fes, which is best explored on foot. The area is a maze of narrow, winding streets, so hiring a knowledgeable guide or using a detailed map is recommended to navigate the medina effectively.
• Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) are ideal for visiting Fes, as the weather is pleasant for walking tours. Early mornings or late afternoons provide a quieter experience and softer lighting for photography.
• Cultural Etiquette: As with all historical and religious sites, it’s important to dress modestly and respect local customs. Even when viewing from outside, maintaining a respectful distance and avoiding disruptions to worship or study is appreciated by locals.

Important Tips for Visitors

• Guided Tours: To get the most out of your visit, consider joining a guided tour that covers the history of Al-Qarawiyyin and other significant sites in Fes el-Bali. This can provide a deeper understanding of the university’s role in the city’s history and culture.
• Photography: While photography of the exterior is permitted, it’s best to ask your guide or locals for any restrictions, especially around religious spaces.
• Explore the Medina: The university is surrounded by the vibrant life of the Fes medina, which is filled with artisan workshops, traditional markets, and other historical sites. Make time to explore the area to fully appreciate the city’s rich heritage.

FAQ

1. Can tourists enter the University of Al-Qarawiyyin?

• Non-Muslim tourists are generally not permitted to enter the mosque or main university buildings, but the exterior can be admired from various viewpoints within the medina. Guided tours provide historical context and access to nearby landmarks.

2. What makes Al-Qarawiyyin significant in the history of education?

• Al-Qarawiyyin is recognized as the oldest continuously operating university in the world. It played a pivotal role in preserving and transmitting knowledge during the Middle Ages and influenced both the Islamic and European worlds through its teachings and manuscripts.

3. Is the university still active today?

• Yes, Al-Qarawiyyin remains an active university and mosque, continuing its legacy as a center of Islamic learning. It now primarily focuses on religious and legal studies, attracting students from across the Muslim world.

4. How can I learn more about Al-Qarawiyyin if I can’t go inside?

• Visitors can join guided tours that include detailed explanations of the university’s history, architectural significance, and its contributions to global scholarship. Some museums in Fes may also feature exhibits related to the university’s past.

5. Are there other notable sites near Al-Qarawiyyin?

• Yes, nearby attractions include the Bou Inania Madrasa, the Al-Attarine Madrasa, and the Nejjarine Museum of Wooden Arts & Crafts, all of which offer insight into Fes’s rich educational and artistic heritage.

The University of Al-Qarawiyyin is more than just a historical landmark—it’s a testament to the city of Fes’s long-standing commitment to education, culture, and religious devotion. A visit to this site provides a unique glimpse into the intellectual and architectural legacy of Morocco, enriching any traveler’s journey through the country’s history.